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The term Monera became well established in the 20s and 30s when to rightfully increase the importance of the difference between species with a nucleus and without. In 1925, Édouard Chatton divided all living organisms into two sections, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: the Kingdom Monera being the sole member of the Prokaryotes section. [23]
Combined with the five-kingdom model, this created a six-kingdom model, where the kingdom Monera is replaced by the kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea. [16] This six-kingdom model is commonly used in recent US high school biology textbooks, but has received criticism for compromising the current scientific consensus. [ 13 ]
There are seven main taxonomic ranks: kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, and species. In addition, domain (proposed by Carl Woese ) is now widely used as a fundamental rank, although it is not mentioned in any of the nomenclature codes, and is a synonym for dominion ( Latin : dominium ), introduced by Moore in 1974.
A small number of scientists include a sixth kingdom, Archaea, but do not accept the domain method. [ 68 ] Thomas Cavalier-Smith , who published extensively on the classification of protists , in 2002 [ 71 ] proposed that the Neomura , the clade that groups together the Archaea and Eucarya , would have evolved from Bacteria, more precisely from ...
Marine botany is the study of flowering vascular plant species and marine algae that live in shallow seawater of the open ocean and the littoral zone, along shorelines of the intertidal zone, coastal wetlands, and low-salinity brackish water of estuaries. It is a branch of marine biology and botany.
The total number of undescribed organisms is unknown, but marine microbial species alone could number 20,000,000. [12] For this reason, the number of quantified species will always lag behind the number of described species, and species contained in these lists tend to be on the K side of the r/K selection continuum.
The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. [1] [2] [3] About 14% of these had been described by 2011. [3] All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs.
Biogeography is a synthetic science, related to geography, biology, soil science, geology, climatology, ecology and evolution. Some fundamental concepts in biogeography include: allopatric speciation – the splitting of a species by evolution of geographically isolated populations; evolution – change in genetic composition of a population