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Nusantao is an artificial term coined by Solheim, derived from the Austronesian root words nusa "island" and tao "man, people". [1] Solheim's theory is an alternative hypothesis to the spread of the Austronesian language family in Southeast Asia. It contrasts the more widely accepted Out-of-Taiwan hypothesis (OOT) by Peter Bellwood. [1] [2] [3]
Solheim's concept of the Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network, while not strictly a theory regarding the biological ancestors of modern Southeast Asians, does suggest that the patterns of cultural diffusion throughout the Asia-Pacific region are not what would be expected if such cultures were to be explained by simple migration.
Wilhelm Solheim II's statue in the ASP-UP Library. Wilhelm G. Solheim II (1924–2014) was an American anthropologist [1] recognized as the most senior practitioner of archaeology in Southeast Asia and as a pioneer in the study of Philippine and Southeast Asian prehistoric archaeology. [2]
Wilhelm Solheim conducted the first archaeological excavations in the Philippines after World War II. His fieldwork was mostly conducted in mainland and island Southeast Asia, as well as the Pacific Islands. Solheim was a professor of Anthropology at the University of Hawaii from 1967 to 1991. [2]
In Asia, the most recent late archaic human fossils were found in Thailand (125-100 ka), the Philippines (58-24 ka), Malaysia (c. 40 ka), and Sri Lanka (c.36 ka). [4] The artifacts from these sites include partial skeleton, crania, deep skull, and other related skeletons indicate that modern human migrated to Asia earlier than the western theory might have discussed.
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Historically documented states/polities (north to south) Pangasinan (historical polity) Caboloan; Cainta; Tondo; Namayan; Maynila; Kumintang; Ibalon; Ma-i; Pulilu
Various genetic studies on Filipinos have been performed, to analyze the population genetics of the various ethnic groups in the Philippines.. The results of a DNA study conducted by the National Geographic's "The Genographic Project", based on genetic testings of Filipino people by the National Geographic in 2008–2009, found that the Philippines is made up of around 53% Southeast Asia and ...