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Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic parasitic amoebozoan, part of the genus Entamoeba. [1] Predominantly infecting humans and other primates causing amoebiasis , E. histolytica is estimated to infect about 35-50 million people worldwide. [ 1 ]
However, other species, Entamoeba dispar and E. moshkovskii, are also commensals and cannot be distinguished from E. histolytica under the microscope. As E. dispar is much more common than E. histolytica in most parts of the world this means that there is a lot of incorrect diagnosis of E. histolytica infection taking place.
The genus Entamoeba was defined by Casagrandi and Barbagallo for the species Entamoeba coli, which is known to be a commensal organism. [2] Lösch's organism was renamed Entamoeba histolytica by Fritz Schaudinn in 1903; he later died, in 1906, from a self-inflicted infection when studying this amoeba.
The choices being Entamoeba moshkovskii, Entamoeba histolytica, or Entamoeba dispar. These three choices are, in the view of the microscope, "indistinguishable". [1] This is the point where a doctor makes the call for what is most common (Entamoeba histolytica) or something more rare (Entamoeba mushkovskii).
Cysts of Entamoeba can survive for up to a month in soil or for up to 45 minutes under fingernails. It is important to differentiate between amoebiasis and bacterial colitis. The preferred diagnostic method is through faecal examination under microscope, but requires a skilled microscopist and may not be reliable when excluding infection.
Entamoeba histolytica – an amoeba that is the cause of amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery; Leptospira – a zoonotic bacteria that causes leptospirosis; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Necrotizing fasciitis – the "flesh-eating disease", caused by certain types of bacteria
The cause of dysentery is usually the bacteria from genus Shigella, in which case it is known as shigellosis, or the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica; then it is called amoebiasis. [1] Other causes may include certain chemicals, other bacteria, other protozoa, or parasitic worms. [2] It may spread between people. [4]
It can be caused by Acanthamoeba [2] [3] or Entamoeba histolytica. [4]: 421 [5] When associated with Acanthamoeba, it is also known as "cutaneous acanthamoebiasis". [6] Balamuthia mandrillaris can also cause cutaneous amoebiasis, but can prove fatal if the amoeba enters the bloodstream [7] [8] It is characterized by ulcers. Diagnosis of ...