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A real function that is a function from real numbers to real numbers can be represented by a graph in the Cartesian plane; such a function is continuous if, roughly speaking, the graph is a single unbroken curve whose domain is the entire real line. A more mathematically rigorous definition is given below. [8]
An arbitrary function φ : R n → C is the characteristic function of some random variable if and only if φ is positive definite, continuous at the origin, and if φ(0) = 1. Khinchine’s criterion. A complex-valued, absolutely continuous function φ, with φ(0) = 1, is a characteristic function if and only if it admits the representation
Roughly speaking, it states that a 'separately analytic' function is continuous. More precisely, if F : C n → C {\displaystyle F:{\textbf {C}}^{n}\to {\textbf {C}}} is a function which is analytic in each variable z i , 1 ≤ i ≤ n , while the other variables are held constant, then F is a continuous function .
Absolutely continuous functions are continuous: consider the case n = 1 in this definition. The collection of all absolutely continuous functions on I is denoted AC(I). Absolute continuity is a fundamental concept in the Lebesgue theory of integration, allowing the formulation of a generalized version of the fundamental theorem of calculus that ...
The sum and difference of two absolutely continuous functions are also absolutely continuous. If the two functions are defined on a bounded closed interval, then their product is also absolutely continuous. [4] If an absolutely continuous function is defined on a bounded closed interval and is nowhere zero then its reciprocal is absolutely ...
The definition of uniform continuity appears earlier in the work of Bolzano where he also proved that continuous functions on an open interval do not need to be uniformly continuous. In addition he also states that a continuous function on a closed interval is uniformly continuous, but he does not give a complete proof. [1]
In statistical theory, the probability distributions of continuous variables can be expressed in terms of probability density functions. [6] In continuous-time dynamics, the variable time is treated as continuous, and the equation describing the evolution of some variable over time is a differential equation. [7]
A fundamental result in the theory of approximately continuous functions is derived from Lusin's theorem, which states that every measurable function is approximately continuous at almost every point of its domain. [4] The concept of approximate continuity can be extended beyond measurable functions to arbitrary functions between metric spaces.