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The incisive foramen is a funnel-shaped opening in the bone of the oral hard palate representing the inferior termination of the incisive canal. [citation needed] An oral prominence - the incisive papilla - overlies the incisive fossa. [1] The incisive foramen is situated immediately behind the incisor teeth, and in between the two premaxillae.
The two incisive canals usually (in 60% of individuals) have a characteristic Y-shaped or V-shaped morphology: above, each incisive canal opens into the nasal cavity on either side of the nasal septum as the nasal foramina; below, the two incisive canals converge medially to open into the oral cavity at midline at the incisive fossa [1] as several incisive foramina.
It is perforated by numerous foramina for the passage of the nutrient vessels; is channelled at the back part of its lateral border by a groove, sometimes a canal, for the transmission of the descending palatine vessels and the anterior palatine nerve from the spheno-palatine ganglion; and presents little depressions for the lodgement of the palatine glands.
There are two important foramina in the palatine bones that transmit nerves and blood vessels to this region: the greater and lesser palatine. The larger greater palatine foramen is located in the posterolateral region of each of the palatine bones, usually at the apex of the maxillary third molar. The greater palatine foramen transmits the ...
The incisive papilla is an oval [1] [2] midline mucosal [2] prominence of the anterior hard palate [1] overlying the incisive fossa. [1] [3] [2] It is situated posteriorly to the central incisors, [2] and represents the anterior extremity of the palatine raphe. [1] The incisive papilla marks the position of the foetal nasopalatine canal. [1]
The anterior part of the lateral surface is rough, for articulation with the tuberosity of the maxilla; its posterior part consists of a smooth triangular area which appears, in the articulated skull, between the tuberosity of the maxilla and the lower part of the lateral pterygoid plate, and completes the lower part of the infratemporal fossa.
The raphe is a surface feature overlying - and indicating - the intermaxillary suture, and median palatine suture. [1]: 114-115 The greater palatine foramen may be palpated on either side about half way between the palatine raphe, and the palatal gingival margin of the 2nd or 3rd upper molar tooth.
The greater palatine canal starts on the inferior aspect of the pterygopalatine fossa. It goes through the maxilla and palatine bones to reach the palate, ending at the greater palatine foramen. From this canal, accessory canals branch off; these are known as the lesser palatine canals .