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Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the virus SARS-CoV-1, the first identified strain of the SARS-related coronavirus. [3] The first known cases occurred in November 2002, and the syndrome caused the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak .
The major part of the outbreak lasted about 8 months, and the World Health Organization declared SARS contained on 5 July 2003. However, several SARS cases were reported until May 2004. [4] In late December 2019, SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus in the same genus as the one that caused SARS, was discovered in Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Another common finding in SARS patients is a decrease in the number of lymphocytes circulating in the blood. [14] In the SARS outbreak of 2003, about 9% of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-1 infection died. [15] The mortality rate was much higher for those over 60 years old, with mortality rates approaching 50% for this subset of patients. [15]
Another estimate suggests SARS-CoV-2 shares a common ancestor with bat coronavirus RmYN02 in about 1976. [172] SARS-CoV also possibly originated in around 1962 from the same horseshoe bats that harbours SARS-like coronaviruses. [116] It was transmitted humans in around 1998 (4.08 years prior to the outbreak in 2003). [173]
On January 20, Chinese authorities announced the confirmation that human-to-human transmission of the coronavirus had already occurred. [19] [20]The first recorded U.S. case of the new virus was also reported on January 20, in a 35-year-old American citizen traveling from Wuhan, China, to his home in Washington state.
The lower end of the estimate was reached within two months after the CDC made its projection, [124] and the upper end was surpassed in November 2020. [125] It is hard to say if the projections were accurate as some of the time they were, while others were very much off, however it was hard to predict the amount of deaths when new variants like ...
SARS-CoV-2 shares amino acid identity with a furin cleavage site of human ENaC α subunit. [30] [31] [b] Human ENaC is identical only to that of a few great apes and Pipistrellus kuhli. [32] SARS-CoV-2 is also distinct among human coronaviruses for having a single intact ORF8 gene rather than "a" and "b" subunits. [1]
The January 2022 emergence of the Omicron variant, which was first discovered in South Africa, led to record highs in hospitalizations and cases in early 2022, with as many as 1.5 million new infections reported in a single day. [27] By the end of 2022, an estimated 77.5% of Americans had had COVID-19 at least once, according to the CDC. [28]