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In the United States, oil and gas rights to a particular parcel may be owned by private individuals, corporations, Indian tribes, or by local, state, or federal governments. Oil and gas rights extend vertically downward from the property line. Unless explicitly separated by a deed, oil and gas rights are owned by the surface landowner.
In preparation for Oklahoma's admission to the union on an "equal footing with the original states" [6] by 1907, through a series of acts, including the Oklahoma Organic Act and the Oklahoma Enabling Act, Congress enacted a number of often contradictory statutes that often appeared as an attempt to unilaterally dissolve all sovereign tribal governments and reservations within the state of ...
The Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources was established under Section 11 of the Civil Service Law 1993 PNDC Law 327. The ministry as part of its mandate is to ensure the sustainable management and utilization of the nation's lands, forests and wildlife resources as well as the efficient management of the mineral resources for socio-economic growth and development. [4]
The Ghana Chamber of Mines (GCM) is the main minerals industry association in Ghana. The Chamber is a voluntary private sector employers association representing companies and organizations engaged in the minerals and mining industry. It was founded in 1928 and has its members accounting for over 90 percent of all of the country's mineral ...
Julius L. Chambers, lawyer, civil rights activist, educator; Laura Coates, attorney, law professor; ... Oklahoma County District Court (1988–1999); Oklahoma Seventh ...
When mineral rights have been severed from the surface rights (or property rights), it is referred to as a "split estate." In a split estate, the owner of the mineral rights has the right to develop those minerals, regardless of who owns the surface rights. This is because in United States law, mineral rights trump surface rights. [5]
Some attorneys served as guardians and did so for four Osage at once, [40] allowing them to collect $4,800 per year. The tribe auctioned off development rights of their mineral assets for millions of dollars. According to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, in 1924 the total revenue of the Osage from the mineral leases was $24,670,483. [60]
The tribe had retained mineral rights to its reservation. [7] Each tribal member had what were known as headrights to the mineral rights on communal land. [8] [9] When valuable oil was found on their land and leases were sold for oil production, each member with headrights was paid a share of the lucrative annual royalties for leases by oil ...