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Identification, friend or foe (IFF) is a combat identification system designed for command and control. It uses a transponder that listens for an interrogation signal and then sends a response that identifies the broadcaster. IFF systems usually use radar frequencies, but other electromagnetic frequencies, radio or infrared, may be used. [1]
Secondary surveillance radar antenna (flat rectangle, top) mounted on an ASR-9 primary airport surveillance radar antenna (curved rectangle, bottom).. The need to be able to identify aircraft more easily and reliably led to another wartime radar development, the Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) system, which had been created as a means of positively identifying friendly aircraft from unknowns.
IFF Mark X was the NATO standard military identification friend or foe transponder system from the early 1950s until it was slowly replaced by the IFF Mark XII in the 1970s. It was also adopted by ICAO, with some modifications, as the civilian air traffic control (ATC) secondary radar (SSR) transponder.
IFF Mark II was the first operational identification friend or foe system. It was developed by the Royal Air Force just before the start of World War II. After a short run of prototype Mark Is, used experimentally in 1939, the Mark II began widespread deployment at the end of the Battle of Britain in late 1940.
IFF Mark III, also known as ARI.5025 in the UK or SCR.595 in the US, was the Allied Forces standard identification friend or foe (IFF) system from 1943 until well after the end of World War II. It was widely used by aircraft, ships, and submarines, as well as in various adaptations for secondary purposes like search and rescue . 500 units were ...
Another type of transponder occurs in identification friend or foe (IFF) systems in military aviation and in air traffic control secondary surveillance radar (beacon radar) systems for general aviation and commercial aviation. [7] Primary radar works best with large all-metal aircraft, but not so well on small, composite aircraft. Its range is ...
Temporarily turn on pre-briefed identification, friend or foe (IFF) mode or system. Float Directive/informative call to expand the formation laterally within visual limits to maintain a radar contact or prepare for a defensive response. Fox (number) Simulated/actual launch of air-to-air weapons.
That's also where the term 'IFF' (Identification Friend or Foe) comes from, the RAF were using it during the Battle of Britain and before. The idea was conceived by Robert Watson-Watt as a means for the Chain Home system to distinguish 'friendly' RAF aircraft from possibly-'foe' other aircraft.