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While modern firearms are generally referred to by the name of the cartridge the gun is chambered for, they are still categorized together based on bore diameter. [citation needed] For example, a firearm might be described as a "30 caliber rifle", which could accommodate any of a wide range of cartridges using a roughly 0.30 inches (7.6 mm) projectile; or as a "22 rimfire", referring to any ...
Ivory powder measure used to provide a uniform amount of gunpowder for a muzzle-loading firearm before cartridges were available. A powder measure is a device for dispensing consistent amounts of smokeless powder or black powder as charges for handloading cartridges used as small arms ammunition. a typical volumetric powder measure
The table below are examples, and for the same caliber different bullet weights can be used. Bullet velocity depends, along with other factors, on bullet weight, powder types used and barrel length for the particular firearm. Some cartridges not suitable for competition are included for reference.
The gauge (in American English or more commonly referred to as bore in British English) of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the inner diameter (bore diameter) and other necessary parameters to define in general a smoothbore barrel (compare to caliber, which defines a barrel with rifling and its cartridge).
Infantry gun/AA gun 37 mm 1.457 inch Ordnance QF 2-pounder: Anti-tank gun 40 mm 1.575 inch Ordnance QF 2-pounder "pom pom" Anti-aircraft gun 40 mm 1.575 Ordnance QF 3-pounder Vickers: Naval gun 47 mm 1.85 inch Ordnance QF 6-pounder: Anti-tank gun 57 mm 2.244 inch Ordnance BL 10-pounder Mountain gun: Mountain gun 69.8 mm 2.75 inch
Many such cartridges were designated by a three-number system (e.g., 45–120–3 1 ⁄ 4 Sharps: 45-caliber bore, 120 grains of (black) powder, 3 1 ⁄ 4-inch long case). Other times, a similar three-number system indicated bore (caliber), charge (grains), and bullet weight (grains). The 45-70-500 Government is an example.
This is a table of selected pistol/submachine gun and rifle/machine gun cartridges by common name. Data values are the highest found for the cartridge, and might not occur in the same load (e.g. the highest muzzle energy might not be in the same load as the highest muzzle velocity, since the bullet weights can differ between loads).
For handgun cartridges, with heavy bullets and light powder charges (a 9×19mm, for example, might use 5 grains (320 mg) of powder, and a 115 grains (7.5 g) bullet), the powder recoil is not a significant force; for a rifle cartridge (a .22-250 Remington, using 40 grains (2.6 g) of powder and a 40 grains (2.6 g) bullet), the powder can be the ...