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An abolitionist movement grew in Britain during the 18th and 19th centuries, until the Slave Trade Act 1807 prohibited the slave trade in the British Empire. However, it was not until 1937 that the trade of slaves was made illegal throughout the empire, with Nigeria and Bahrain being the last British territories to abolish slavery. [4] [5] [6] [7]
1787 Wedgwood anti-slavery medallion designed by Josiah Wedgwood for the British anti-slavery campaign. Abolitionism in the United Kingdom was the movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries to end the practice of slavery, whether formal or informal, in the United Kingdom, the British Empire and the world, including ending the Atlantic slave trade.
Map of Meridian Line set under the Treaty of Tordesillas The Slave Trade by Auguste François Biard, 1840. The Atlantic slave trade is customarily divided into two eras, known as the first and second Atlantic systems. Slightly more than 3% of the enslaved people exported from Africa were traded between 1525 and 1600, and 16% in the 17th century.
The Royal Navy established the West Africa Squadron to suppress the Atlantic slave trade by patrolling the coast of West Africa. It did suppress the slave trade, but did not stop it entirely. Between 1808 and 1860, the West Africa Squadron captured 1,600 slave ships and freed 150,000 Africans. [15] They resettled many in Jamaica and the Bahamas.
William Wilberforce (24 August 1759 – 29 July 1833) was a British politician, philanthropist, and a leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade.A native of Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire, he began his political career in 1780, and became an independent Member of Parliament (MP) for Yorkshire (1784–1812).
Brussels Conference Act – a collection of anti-slavery measures to put an end to the slave trade on land and sea, especially in the Congo Basin, the Ottoman Empire, and the East African coast. 1894: Korea: Slavery abolished, but it survives in practice until 1930. [156] Iceland: Vistarband effectively abolished (but not de jure). 1895: Taiwan
The society worked to educate the public about the abuses of the slave trade and achieved the abolition of the international slave trade when the British Parliament passed the Slave Trade Act 1807, at which time the society ceased its activities. (The United States also prohibited the African slave trade the same year, to take effect in 1808.)
A third reason for Liverpool's ascendency in the slave trade was the cities close proximity to the industrialising North of England. Liverpool slave traders could readily source goods to be traded for enslaved people, the African slave traders in particular favoured trading in cotton goods, an industry that Lancashire became productive with. [9]