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Heat of condensation can be captured and reused rather than lost in the flue gas. Because nitrogen from air is absent, nitrogen oxide production is greatly reduced. If the fuel contains sulfur, sulfuric acid can possibly be recovered instead of being released as a dangerous environmental pollutant or "lost" in flue gas desulfurization.
It is well established that conventional "blue flame" or bunsen gas burners produce oxides of nitrogen at levels of 30-50 nanograms per joule [5] [6] and are as such not considered to have potential for NO x reduction. Surface combustion burners or radiant tile burners in comparison produce nitrogen oxides' levels 60-70% less. [6]
Mean benzene emissions from gas and propane burners on high and ovens set to 350 °F ranged from 2.8 to 6.5 μg min–1, 10 to 25 times higher than emissions from electric coil and radiant alternatives. [1] Some high-end cooktop models provide higher range of heat and heavy-duty burners that can go up to 6 kilowatts (20,000 BTU/h) or even more.
Upright non-flued liquefied petroleum gas heater, 1970s A wall mounted gas heater that runs on either propane or natural gas.. A gas heater is a space heater used to heat a room or outdoor area by burning natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, propane, or butane.
Electric heating or resistance heating converts electricity directly to heat. Electric heat is often more expensive than heat produced by combustion appliances like natural gas, propane, and oil. Electric resistance heat can be provided by baseboard heaters, space heaters, radiant heaters, furnaces, wall heaters, or thermal storage systems.
Hot-bulb engine (two-stroke). 1. Hot bulb. 2. Cylinder. 3. Piston. 4. Crankcase Old Swedish hot-bulb engine in action. The hot-bulb engine, also known as a semi-diesel [1] or Akroyd engine, is a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignites by coming in contact with a red-hot metal surface inside a bulb, followed by the introduction of air (oxygen) compressed into the hot-bulb ...
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Some other examples would include soldering irons, hand warmers, and space-heating appliances. Catalytic heaters have high efficiency allowing smaller heaters to be used, therefore lowering initial costs and fuel consumption. [2] These heaters typically use propane (LP) or butane fuel, whereas many older types use either liquid fuel or alcohol.