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Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
Caffeine consumption during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of pregnancy loss [5] [41] and increased risk of low birth weight, defined as below 2500 grams (5.5 pounds). [ 42 ] [ 43 ] [ 44 ] The European Food Safety Authority and the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists concur that habitual caffeine consumption up to ...
Diet with exercise may reduce the risk of caesarean section, having a large baby and having a baby with serious breathing problems. [21] Diet and exercise help pregnant women not gain too much weight during pregnancy when compared with giving the women no help to control weight gain or routine care (usually one session in the pregnancy). [21]
Apples. The original source of sweetness for many of the early settlers in the United States, the sugar from an apple comes with a healthy dose of fiber.
A kit with a glucose meter and diary used by a woman with gestational diabetes. Treatment of GDM with diet and insulin reduces health problems mother and child. [75] Treatment of GDM is also accompanied by more inductions of labour. [75] A repeat OGTT should be carried out 6 weeks after delivery, to confirm the diabetes has disappeared.
Prenatal care, also known as antenatal care, is a type of preventive healthcare.It is provided in the form of medical checkups, consisting of recommendations on managing a healthy lifestyle and the provision of medical information such as maternal physiological changes in pregnancy, biological changes, and prenatal nutrition including prenatal vitamins, which prevents potential health problems ...
During pregnancy, spontaneous hyperglycemia can develop and lead to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a frequent pregnancy complication . With a prevalence of 6-20% among pregnant women globally, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance developing or initially recognized during pregnancy. [67]
Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns are those who are smaller in size than normal for the gestational age. SGA is most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. [1] SGA predicts susceptibility to hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and polycythemia. [2] By definition, at least 10% of all newborns will be ...