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Coal mining in the South Wales Coalfield was a dangerous occupation with lifelong health implications. [15] Between 1849 and 1853, miners over the age of 25 in the Merthyr Tydfil district were found to have a life expectancy of around 20 years lower than in other mining areas of England and Wales. [16]
The South Wales Coalfield was at its peak in 1913 and was one of the largest coalfields in the world. It remained the largest coalfield in Britain until 1925. [1] The supply of coal dwindled [citation needed], and pits closed in spite of a UK-wide strike against closures. Aberpergwm Colliery is the last deep mine in Wales. [2]
Coalfields of the United Kingdom in the 19th century. Coal mining in the United Kingdom dates back to Roman times and occurred in many different parts of the country. Britain's coalfields are associated with Northumberland and Durham, North and South Wales, Yorkshire, the Scottish Central Belt, Lancashire, Cumbria, the East and West Midlands and Kent.
The records of the Coal Owners Association are now held by the National Library of Wales and provide a valuable source of information on the history of coal mining and industrial relations in the South Wales coalfields. Two volumes of surveys by Alexander Dalziel, an early secretary of the association, include reports and personal observations ...
British Coal-Miners in the Nineteenth Century: A Social History (Holmes & Meier, 1980) Berger, Stefan Llafur. "Working-Class Culture and the Labour Movement in the South Wales and the Ruhr Coalfields, 1850-2000: A Comparison," Journal of Welsh Labour History/Cylchgrawn Hanes Llafur Cymru (2001) 8#2 pp 5-40. Bick, David E.
Construction begins on Ogmore Castle in Glamorgan, one of the earliest Norman stone castles in South Wales [86] 1111–1114 Normans move into south and north Wales; peace is agreed between King Henry I and Gruffudd ap Cynan of Gwynedd; Owain ap Cadwgan is knighted by King Henry I for his service in Normandy [54]: 95–97 1115–1130
This made South Wales the most important part of Britain for ironmaking until the middle of the 19th century. Second, from 1850 until the outbreak of the First World War, the South Wales Coalfield was developed to supply steam coal and anthracite. [1] The South Wales Valleys hosted Britain's only mountainous coalfields. [2]
Ironmaking developed in locations where ironstone, coal and limestone were found in close proximity – primarily the northern and south-western parts of the South Wales coalfield. [17] [full citation needed] [18] [full citation needed] In the second half of the 18th century four ironworks were built in Merthyr Tydfil.