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A resistor with relatively high resistance is called a "weak" pull-up or pull-down; when the circuit is open, it will pull the output high or low more slowly, but will draw less current. This current, which is essentially wasted energy, only flows when the switch is closed, and technically for a brief period after it is opened until the charge ...
The output is usually connected to an external pull-up resistor, which pulls the output voltage to the resistor's supply voltage when the transistor is off. For PNP open collector outputs, the emitter of the PNP transistor is internally connected to the positive voltage rail , so the collector outputs a high voltage when the transistor is on or ...
A resistor (with the current simply proportional to the voltage) would be better, and a current source (with the current fixed, independent of voltage) better yet. A depletion-mode device with gate tied to the opposite supply rail is a much better load than an enhancement-mode device, acting somewhere between a resistor and a current source.
If either of the inputs is high, the corresponding N-channel MOSFET is turned on and the output is pulled low; otherwise the output is pulled high through the pull-up resistor. In the CMOS implementation on the right, the function of the pull-up resistor is implemented by the two p-type transistors in series on the top.
Pull-up resistors are provided by the I3C controller. External pull-up resistors are no longer needed. Clock Stretching – devices are expected to be fast enough to operate at bus speed. The I3C controller is the sole clock source. I²C Extended (10-bit) Addresses. All devices on an I3C bus are addressed by a 7-bit address.
The output pull-up resistor is built into some encoders; if not built in, an external resistor is required. Open collector drivers (using an NPN transistor or open drain drivers using an n-type MOSFET ) allow operation over a wide range of signal voltages and often can sink significant output current, making them useful for directly driving ...
Caroline Colvin, age 23, tells Business Insider that she wakes up at 5 a.m. to catch the train from New York City to Baltimore three times a week. While supercommuters often live outside of major ...
A Class B push–pull output driver using a pair of complementary PNP and NPN bipolar junction transistors configured as emitter followers. A push–pull amplifier is a type of electronic circuit that uses a pair of active devices that alternately supply current to, or absorb current from, a connected load. This kind of amplifier can enhance ...
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