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Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.. A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) [1] is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, [2] when the solution is at ...
Equid hybrids can be traced back to Africa where there are vast amount of equid species which resulted in natural crossing, creating hybrid species. These hybrids were found to be more efficient than the original species because they possess certain traits of both species, so scientists began to experiment by crossing other species of horse ...
The end products of mixed acid fermentation can have many useful applications in biotechnology and industry. For instance, ethanol is widely used as a biofuel. [5] Therefore, multiple bacterial strains have been metabolically engineered in the laboratory to increase the individual yields of certain end products. [2]
An ornamental lily hybrid known as Lilium 'Citronella' [1] This is a list of plant hybrids created intentionally or by chance and exploited commercially in agriculture or horticulture . The hybridization event mechanism is documented where known, along with the authorities who described it.
Examples of superacids are fluoroantimonic acid and magic acid. Some superacids can be crystallised. [10] They can also quantitatively stabilize carbocations. [11] Lewis acids reacting with Lewis bases in gas phase and non-aqueous solvents have been classified in the ECW model, and it has been shown that there is no one order of acid strengths ...
Industrial examples of this include the extraction of soluble antibiotics from fermentation liquors. The main driving force of cross-flow filtration process is transmembrane pressure. Transmembrane pressure is a measure of pressure difference between two sides of the membrane.
Magic acid (FSO 3 H·SbF 5) is a superacid consisting of a mixture, most commonly in a 1:1 molar ratio, of fluorosulfuric acid (HSO 3 F) and antimony pentafluoride (SbF 5).This conjugate Brønsted–Lewis superacid system was developed in the 1960s by Ronald Gillespie and his team at McMaster University, [1] and has been used by George Olah to stabilise carbocations and hypercoordinated ...