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The extended parallel process model (EPPM) is a fear appeal theory developed by communications scholar Kim Witte that illustrates how individuals react to fear-inducing messages. [1] Witte subsequently published an initial test of the model in Communication Monographs .
Fear appeal is a term used in psychology, sociology and marketing.It generally describes a strategy for motivating people to take a particular action, endorse a particular policy, or buy a particular product, by arousing fear.
Witte has developed theories and written many notable papers on fear appeals in health risk messages. [3] Witte's work has appeared in Social Science and Medicine, International Quarterly of Communication Health Education, Communication Yearbook, Health Education & Behavior, Communication Monographs, Journal of Community Health, and more.
Protection motivation theory was developed by R.W. Rogers in 1975 in order to better understand fear appeals and how people cope with them. [1] However, Dr. Rogers would later expand on the theory in 1983 to a more general theory of persuasive communication.
Fear is one of the most studied emotional appeals in communication and social influence research. Important consequences of fear appeals and other emotional appeals include the possibility of reactance which may lead to either message rejections or source rejection and the absence of attitude change.
An appeal to fear (also called argumentum ad metum or argumentum in terrorem) is a fallacy in which a person attempts to create support for an idea by attempting to increase fear towards an alternative. An appeal to fear is related to the broader strategy of fear appeal and is a common tactic in marketing, politics, and media (communication ...
Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.
She is Professor of Communication at the University of Pennsylvania. She is known for her work in the fields of behavior, communication and persuasion. [ 1 ] Her contributions have had implications for the scientific understanding of basic social psychological processes and communication policy, especially in the area of health.