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In linguistics, a pro-form is a type of function word or expression (linguistics) that stands in for (expresses the same content as) another word, phrase, clause or sentence where the meaning is recoverable from the context. [1] They are used either to avoid repetitive expressions or in quantification (limiting the variables of a proposition).
In the first meaning, his is coreferential; in the second, it is a bound variable because its reference varies over the set of all students. Coindex notation is commonly used for both cases. That is, when two or more expressions are coindexed, it does not signal whether one is dealing with coreference or a bound variable (or as in the last ...
The general substitution test replaces the test string with some other word or phrase. [20] It is similar to proform substitution, the only difference being that the replacement word or phrase is not a proform, e.g. Drunks could put off the customers. (a) Beggars could put off the customers. (Beggars ↔ Drunks) (b) Drunks could put off our guests.
Cafe chalkboard advertising a "pre fixed" menu, an eggcorn of the French prix fixe (fixed price). An eggcorn is the alteration of a word or phrase through the mishearing or reinterpretation of one or more of its elements, [1] creating a new phrase which is plausible when used in the same context. [2]
Word coinage This refers to learners creating new words or phrases for words that they do not know. For example, a learner might refer to an art gallery as a "picture place". [2] Language switch Learners may insert a word from their first language into a sentence, and hope that their interlocutor will understand. [3] [9] Asking for clarification
The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one form can be replaced by another in a sentence without changing its meaning. Words may often be synonymous in only one particular sense : for example, long and extended in the context long time or extended time are synonymous, but long cannot be used in the phrase extended family .
A substitution table is used while teaching structures of English. [1] [2] Substitution tables were invented by Harold E. Palmer, [3] who defines substitution as "the process by which any authentic sentence may be multiplied indefinitely by substituting for any of its words or word-groups others of the same grammatical family and within certain semantic limits".
In grammar, an antecedent is one or more words that establish the meaning of a pronoun or other pro-form. [1] For example, in the sentence "John arrived late because traffic held him up," the word "John" is the antecedent of the pronoun "him." Pro-forms usually follow their antecedents, but sometimes precede them.