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Because the process of macropinocytosis is non-specific, many pathogens take advantage of macropinosomes to infect their target cells. In this way, pathogens internalized in macropinosomes avoid barriers and obstructions that the plasma membrane, cytoplasmic crowding and cortical cytoskeleton pose when moving deeper into the cytoplasm. [ 1 ]
Pinocytosis. In cellular biology, pinocytosis, otherwise known as fluid endocytosis and bulk-phase pinocytosis, is a mode of endocytosis in which small molecules dissolved in extracellular fluid are brought into the cell through an invagination of the cell membrane, resulting in their containment within a small vesicle inside the cell.
[8] Pinocytosis, which usually occurs from highly ruffled regions of the plasma membrane, is the invagination of the cell membrane to form a pocket, which then pinches off into the cell to form a vesicle (0.5–5 μm in diameter) filled with a large volume of extracellular fluid and molecules within it (equivalent to ~100 CCVs). The filling of ...
Cosimo Commisso is a Canadian cell biologist and cancer researcher who has made significant advances in the field of cellular trafficking and cancer metabolism. [1] [2] [3] Among his most notable contributions are the discovery and study of how macropinocytosis supports tumor cell growth and survival by serving as an amino acid supply route in Ras-mutated cancers.
An uncoupler or uncoupling agent is a molecule that disrupts oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotes and mitochondria or photophosphorylation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria by dissociating the reactions of ATP synthesis from the electron transport chain.
19376 Ensembl ENSG00000109113 ENSMUSG00000002059 UniProt Q9BZG1 P0DI83 Q64008 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001142624 NM_001142625 NM_001144942 NM_001144943 NM_001256276 NM_001256277 NM_001256278 NM_001256281 NM_031934 NM_001159482 NM_033475 RefSeq (protein) NP_001136096 NP_001136097 NP_001138414 NP_001138415 NP_001243205 NP_001243206 NP_001243207 NP_001243210 NP_114140 NP_001243210.1 NP_001152954 NP ...
An arc-based single dwell linkage uses the approximation of a circular arc. The concept for linkage dwell mechanisms is that a node located at the center of the circular arc segment of a coupler curve will remain relatively stationary. This is achieved first by choosing a desired coupler curve created by a four-bar linkage. Once a coupler curve ...
Trogocytosis has been initially documented in T, B, and NK cells both in vivo and in vitro.On T cells and B cells, trogocytosis is triggered when the T cell receptor (TCR) on T cells or B cell receptor (BCR) on B cells interacts with the antigen recognized on antigen-presenting cells.