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The images show the principles of a linear and a polar planimeter. The pointer M at one end of the planimeter follows the contour C of the surface S to be measured. For the linear planimeter the movement of the "elbow" E is restricted to the y-axis. For the polar planimeter the "elbow" is connected to an arm with its other endpoint O at a fixed ...
To measure planimetrics a planimeter or dot planimeter is used. This rather advanced analog technology is being taken over by simple image measurement software tools like, ImageJ, Adobe Acrobat, Google Earth Pro, Gimp, Photoshop and KLONK Image Measurement which can help do this kind of work from digitalized images.
The watershed area can then be estimated using a planimeter, by overlaying graph paper and counting grid cells, or the result can be digitized for use with mapping software. The same process can be done on a computer, sketching the watershed boundary (with a mouse or stylus) over a digital copy of a topographic map. [ 1 ]
An optical comparator (often called just a comparator in context) or profile projector is a device that applies the principles of optics to the inspection of manufactured parts. In a comparator, the magnified silhouette of a part is projected upon the screen, and the dimensions and geometry of the part are measured against prescribed limits .
A planimeter, which mechanically computes polar integrals. This result can be found as follows. First, the interval [a, b] is divided into n subintervals, where n is some positive integer. Thus Δφ, the angle measure of each subinterval, is equal to b − a (the total angle measure of the interval), divided by n, the number of subintervals.
The Kelsh Plotter is an example of the projection stereoplotters. The analog stereoplotters came next and were more sophisticated in that they used more sophisticated optics to view the image. The analytical stereoplotter is used today. It incorporates a computer which does the work of mathematically aligning the images so that they line up ...
This example of design experiments is attributed to Harold Hotelling, building on examples from Frank Yates. [22] [23] [15] The experiments designed in this example involve combinatorial designs. [24] Weights of eight objects are measured using a pan balance and set of standard weights. Each weighing measures the weight difference between ...
In forestry, cartography, and geography, the dot planimeter has been applied to maps to estimate the area of parcels of land. [1] [4] [5] [6] In botany and horticulture, it has been applied directly to sampled leaves to estimate the average leaf area. [7] [8] [9] In medicine, it has been applied to Lashley diagrams as an estimate of the size of ...