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Procrastination is the act of unnecessarily delaying or postponing something despite knowing that there could be negative consequences for doing so. It is a common human experience involving delays in everyday chores or even putting off tasks such as attending an appointment, submitting a job report or academic assignment, or broaching a stressful issue with a partner.
This approach is often adopted to avoid the anxiety and stress associated with last-minute work and procrastination. [2] Precrastination is considered an unhealthy behavior pattern and is accompanied by symptoms such as conscientiousness , eagerness to please, and high energy.
Student syndrome refers to planned procrastination, when a student will begin to substantially apply themselves to an assignment or task at the last moment before its deadline. [1] For a person experiencing student syndrome, they only begin to make significant progress when there is a sense of urgency that causes the person to put the proper ...
Procrastination, which is often a reflection of anxiety, is a clear example: a person avoids a dreaded task by engaging in a more enjoyable immediate activity instead.
The idea that procrastination is a sign of laziness is widespread, but not accurate for everyone. Knowing the root cause is key to breaking the pattern. Laziness isn’t why you procrastinate.
Passive–aggressive personality disorder, also called negativistic personality disorder, [1] [2] is characterized by procrastination, covert obstructionism, inefficiency, and stubbornness. The DSM-5 no longer uses this phrase or label, and it is not one of the ten listed specific personality disorders.
Laziness may manifest as procrastination or vacillation. Studies of motivation suggest that laziness may be caused by a decreased level of motivation, lack of interest, and confidence which in turn can be caused by over-stimulation or excessive impulses or distractions. These increase the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter responsible for ...
The theory states an individual's motivation for a task can be derived with the following formula (in its simplest form): = where , the desire for a particular outcome, or self-efficacy is the probability of success, is the reward associated with the outcome, is the individual’s sensitivity to delay and is the time to complete that task.