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A fire lance as depicted in the Huolongjing, late 14th century (c. 1360-1375).. The fire lance (simplified Chinese: 火枪; traditional Chinese: 火槍; pinyin: huǒqiāng; lit. 'fire spear') was a gunpowder weapon used by lighting it on fire, and is the ancestor of modern firearms. [1]
The fire lance or fire tube—a combination of a firearm and flamethrower [36] —had been adapted and changed into several different forms by the time Jiao Yu edited the Huolongjing. [37] The earliest depiction of a fire lance is dated c. 950, a Chinese painting on a silk banner found at the Buddhist site of Dunhuang. [38]
In 1259 a type of "fire-emitting lance" (突火槍) made an appearance and according to the History of Song: "It is made from a large bamboo tube, and inside is stuffed a pellet wad (子窠). Once the fire goes off it completely spews the rear pellet wad forth, and the sound is like a bomb that can be heard for five hundred or more paces."
The history of the firearm begins in 10th-century China, when tubes containing gunpowder projectiles were mounted on spears to make portable fire lances. [1] Over the following centuries, the design evolved into various types, including portable firearms such as flintlocks and blunderbusses , and fixed cannons, and by the 15th century the ...
Fire arrow, rocket arrow (Chinese) Fire lance, Huo Qiang lance hand cannon (Chinese) Grose Bochse bombard (German) Hand cannon (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese) Hand mortar (European) Heilongjiang hand cannon (Chinese) Hu Dun Pao cannon (Chinese) Huo Che rocket arrow launcher (Chinese) Huo Chong hand cannon (Chinese) Hwacha rocket arrow ...
Another weapon the Jin employed was an improved version of the fire lance called the flying fire lance. The History of Jin provides a detailed description: "To make the lance, use chi-huang paper, sixteen layers of it for the tube, and make it a bit longer than two feet. Stuff it with willow charcoal, iron fragments, magnet ends, sulfur, white ...
The hand cannon (simplified Chinese: 火铳; traditional Chinese: 火銃; pinyin: huǒchòng or 手铳; 手銃; shǒuchòng), also known as the gonne or handgonne, is the first true firearm and the successor of the fire lance. [1] It is the oldest type of small arms, as well as the most mechanically simple form of metal barrel firearms.
The fire lance was first depicted in a silk banner painting dating to the mid-10th century. [33] Although most Chinese scholars reject the appearance of the fire lance prior to the Jin-Song wars, a Song text from 1000 and the Wujing Zongyao do make brief mentions of the fire lance. [34]