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Cefoperazone contains an N-methylthiotetrazole (NMTT or 1-MTT) side chain.As the antibiotic is broken down in the body, it releases free NMTT, which can cause hypoprothrombinemia (likely due to inhibition of the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase) and a reaction with ethanol similar to that produced by disulfiram (Antabuse effect), due to inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Cefoperazone/sulbactam is a combination drug used as an antibiotic. It is effective for the treatment of urinary tract infections . [ 2 ] It contains cefoperazone , a β-lactam antibiotic , and sulbactam , a β-lactamase inhibitor , which helps prevent bacteria from breaking down cefoperazone.
[15] [16] These include latamoxef , cefmenoxime, cefoperazone, cefamandole, cefmetazole, and cefotetan. This is thought to be due to the methylthiotetrazole side-chain of these cephalosporins, which blocks the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase (likely causing hypothrombinemia) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (causing alcohol intolerance). [17]
ATC code J01 Antibacterials for systemic use is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
The combination cefoperazone/sulbactam (Sulperazon) is available in many countries but not in the United States. [4] The co-packaged combination sulbactam/durlobactam was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2023. [5]
Cefamandole (INN, also known as cephamandole) is a second-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic.The clinically used form of cefamandole is the formate ester cefamandole nafate, a prodrug which is administered parenterally.
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Cefotiam is a parenteral third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.It has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. As a beta-lactam, its bactericidal activity results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins.