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[12] [3] [13] Cystic fibrosis eventually results in severe bronchiectasis in nearly all cases. [14] The cause in 10–50% of those without cystic fibrosis is unknown. [3] The mechanism of disease is breakdown of the airways due to an excessive inflammatory response. [3] Involved airways become enlarged and thus less able to clear secretions. [3]
[4] [5] [6] Due to its rarity it presents a difficulty in adult diagnoses, and its initial presentation can be confused with septic shock. [ 7 ] Diagnosis requires an appropriate clinical history , the characteristic expiratory airway collapse on radiological investigation, and exclusion of other causes of congenital and acquired bronchiectasis .
During World War I in Britain, the minimum height for soldiers was 5 feet 3 inches (160 cm). Thus thousands of men under this height were denied the opportunity to fight in the war. As a result of pressure to allow them entry, special "Bantam Battalions" were created composed of men who were 4 feet 10 inches (147 cm) to 5 feet 3 inches (160 cm ...
Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction.Many obstructive diseases of the lung result from narrowing (obstruction) of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, often because of excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself.
Bronchorrhea is the production of more than 100 mL per day of watery sputum. [1] Chronic bronchitis is a common cause, but it may also be caused by asthma, [2] pulmonary contusion, [3] bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, cancer, scorpion stings, severe hypothermia and poisoning by organophosphates and other poisons.
There is still much debate to whether pulmonary sequestration is a congenital problem or acquired through recurrent pulmonary infection. It is widely believed that extralobar pulmonary sequestrations are a result of prenatal pulmonary malformation while intralobar pulmonary sequestrations can develop due to recurrent pulmonary infections in adolescents and young adults.
A catheter with a diameter of less than 2 mm is inserted at the base of the foot (femoral artery) or the artery in the wrist (radial artery). [2] The tip of the catheter is inserted into the orifice of the bronchial artery (normally smaller than 1 mm) or other non-bronchial hemoptysis-related arteries.
Rothia mucilaginosa is a common oropharyngeal commensal bacteria that has also been detected in the lower airways of people with Bronchiectasis. Its role in chronic lung disease is complex with some studies showing it has pro-inflammatory properties [ 5 ] and others showing anti-inflammatory properties. [ 6 ]