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The offender is able to calculate whether the pain or severity of the likely punishment outweighs the gain or benefit of getting away with the crime. [ 3 ] Other assumptions relate to the concept of marginal deterrence , based on the belief that it is prudent to punish a more severe crime more severely than a lesser crime and a series of crimes ...
Retributive justice is a legal concept whereby the criminal offender receives punishment proportional or similar to the crime.As opposed to revenge, retribution—and thus retributive justice—is not personal, is directed only at wrongdoing, has inherent limits, involves no pleasure at the suffering of others (i.e., schadenfreude, sadism), and employs procedural standards.
The terms actus reus and mens rea developed in English Law are derived from a principle stated by Edward Coke, namely, actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea, [1] which means: "an act does not make a person guilty unless (their) mind is also guilty"; hence, the general test of guilt is one that requires proof of fault, culpability or ...
Catecholamine hormones, such as adrenaline or noradrenaline, facilitate immediate physical reactions associated with a preparation for violent muscular action. Although the flight-or-fight-response normally ends with the removal of the threat, the constant mortal danger in combat zones likewise constantly and acutely stresses soldiers.
A thrill killing is premeditated or random murder that is motivated by the sheer excitement of the act. [1] While there have been attempts to categorize multiple murders, such as identifying "thrill killing" as a type of "hedonistic mass killing", [2] actual details of events frequently overlap category definitions making attempts at such distinctions problematic.
Without a driver, the perpetrator may make errors due to the stress associated with the crime, or lack of ability to multi-task (such as leaving the car keys at the scene of the crime); [4] a murderer needs to "think strategically" to get away with murder—to "mislead police, stage crime scenes and destroy evidence." [18]
A graphical model of the routine activity theory. The theory stipulates three necessary conditions for most crime; a likely offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian, coming together in time and space. The lack of any of the three elements is sufficient to prevent a crime which requires offender-victim contact.
Coercion involves compelling a party to act in an involuntary manner through the use of threats, including threats to use force against that party. [1] [2] [3] It involves a set of forceful actions which violate the free will of an individual in order to induce a desired response.