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The offender is able to calculate whether the pain or severity of the likely punishment outweighs the gain or benefit of getting away with the crime. [ 3 ] Other assumptions relate to the concept of marginal deterrence , based on the belief that it is prudent to punish a more severe crime more severely than a lesser crime and a series of crimes ...
Catecholamine hormones, such as adrenaline or noradrenaline, facilitate immediate physical reactions associated with a preparation for violent muscular action. Although the flight-or-fight-response normally ends with the removal of the threat, the constant mortal danger in combat zones likewise constantly and acutely stresses soldiers.
a need or desire condition before taking part in the problematic behavior; and; a positive pleasure-seeking condition throughout the act of the disturbing behavior. Data from epidemiological studies additionally propose that there is an affiliation between kleptomania and substance use disorders along with high rates in a unidirectional manner.
If the white man attempts to oppose the Deity's will, by trying to make the negro anything else than "the submissive knee-bender" (which the Almighty declared he should be), by trying to raise him to a level with himself, or by putting himself on an equality with the negro; or if he abuses the power which God has given him over his fellow-man ...
Retributive justice is a legal concept whereby the criminal offender receives punishment proportional or similar to the crime.As opposed to revenge, retribution—and thus retributive justice—is not personal, is directed only at wrongdoing, has inherent limits, involves no pleasure at the suffering of others (i.e., schadenfreude, sadism), and employs procedural standards.
Originally understood as the "fight-or-flight" response in Cannon's research, [3] the state of hyperarousal results in several responses beyond fighting or fleeing. This has led people to calling it the "fight, flight, freeze" response, "fight-flight-freeze-fawn" [1] [citation needed] or "fight-flight-faint-or-freeze", among other variants.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [b] is a mental and behavioral disorder [8] that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, domestic violence, child abuse, warfare and its associated traumas, natural disaster, traffic collision, or other threats on a person's life or well-being.
The case is widely known for originally stimulating social psychological research into the "bystander effect". According to a sensationalized article in The New York Times , 38 witnesses watched the stabbings but did not intervene or even call the police until after the attacker fled and Genovese had died.