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The Court of Cassation is the supreme court for civil and criminal cases in France. Ir does not constitute a third degree of jurisdiction, because unlike the Courts of Appeal, it only addresses the legal form of the verdict. Thus the juges du fond designation for first and second degree judges, which sometimes appears in cassation court verdicts.
France's independent court system enjoys special statutory protection from the executive branch. Procedures for the appointment, promotion, and removal of judges vary depending on whether it is for the ordinary ("judiciaire") or the administrative stream. Judicial appointments in the judicial stream must be approved by a special panel, the High ...
The Tribunal judiciaire de Paris (abbreviated TJ; in English: Judicial Court of Paris), located at the Judicial Campus of Paris in Batignolles, is the largest court in France by caseload. It replaced the capital's former Tribunal de grande instance ( Court of major instance ) and Tribunal d'instance ( court of petty instance ) under an ...
In 1941, reforms in the management of the national police under the Vichy regime reshuffled the Judicial police (at that time, the Service de police judiciaire) and merged the regional mobile brigades with the security forces, which took on the name "Regional Judicial Police Services" (Services régionaux de police judiciaire, SRPJ).
The building of the Court of Cassation. The prosecution, or parquet général, is headed by the Chief Prosecutor (procureur général). [c] The Chief Prosecutor is a judicial officer, but does not prosecute cases; instead, his function is to advise the Court on how to proceed, analogous to the Commissioner-in-Council's [d] role within the Conseil d'État (lit.
The United States helped revive the French economy with the Marshall Plan (1948–1951), giving France $2.3 billion with no repayment. France was the second largest recipient after Britain. The total of all American grants and credits to France from 1946 to 1953 amounted to $4.9 billion. [5]
an iron collar [33] placed around the neck of a § condamné (prisoner) and fixed to a pillory, a symbol of § haute justice in medieval France. [43] See § peine afflictive et infamante. cas de force majeure See § force majeure. casier judiciaire criminal record.
The Convention on the issue of multilingual and coded certificates and extracts from civil status records, signed in Strasbourg on 14 March 2014, is an update to the convention of 1976, to extend its provisions to documents acknowledging parentage, registered partnership and same-sex marriage, electronic transmission of documents, specify the ...