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Hyper-Threading Technology is a form of simultaneous multithreading technology introduced by Intel, while the concept behind the technology has been patented by Sun Microsystems. Architecturally, a processor with Hyper-Threading Technology consists of two logical processors per core, each of which has its own processor architectural state.
The Intel Atom, first released in 2008, is the first Intel product to feature 2-way SMT (marketed as Hyper-Threading) without supporting instruction reordering, speculative execution, or register renaming. Intel reintroduced Hyper-Threading with the Nehalem microarchitecture, after its absence on the Core microarchitecture.
Overall efficiency varies; Intel claims up to 30% improvement with its Hyper-Threading Technology, [1] while a synthetic program just performing a loop of non-optimized dependent floating-point operations actually gains a 100% speed improvement when run in parallel.
It supported Intel's new Hyper-Threading technology and had a 512 kB L2 cache. This was based on the " Northwood " Pentium 4 core. A new server chipset, E7500 (which allowed the use of dual-channel DDR SDRAM ), was released to support this processor in servers, and soon the bus speed was boosted to 533 MT/s (accompanied by a new socket and two ...
After joining the FreeBSD Security Team in 2004, Percival analyzed the behaviour of hyper-threading as then implemented on Intel's Pentium 4 CPUs.He discovered a security flaw that would allow a malicious thread to use a timing-based side-channel attack to steal secret data from another thread executing on the same processor core and sharing its cache.
On Hyper-Threading CPUs, pausing with rep nop gives additional performance by hinting to the core that it can work on the other thread while the lock spins waiting. [ 2 ] Transactional Synchronization Extensions and other hardware transactional memory instruction sets serve to replace locks in most cases.
One of the earliest examples of a barrel processor was the I/O processing system in the CDC 6000 series supercomputers. These executed one instruction (or a portion of an instruction) from each of 10 different virtual processors (called peripheral processors or PPs) before returning to the first processor. [1]
Transactional Synchronization Extensions (TSX), also called Transactional Synchronization Extensions New Instructions (TSX-NI), is an extension to the x86 instruction set architecture (ISA) that adds hardware transactional memory support, speeding up execution of multi-threaded software through lock elision.