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Calcitriol is a hormone and the active form of vitamin D, normally made in the kidney. [8] [9] [10] It is also known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.It binds to and activates the vitamin D receptor in the nucleus of the cell, which then increases the expression of many genes. [11]
Calcitonin has clinically been used for metabolic bone disorders for more than 50 years. [25] Salmon calcitonin is used for the treatment of: Postmenopausal osteoporosis [26] Hypercalcaemia [27] Bone metastases [28] Paget's disease [29] Phantom limb pain [30] It has been investigated as a possible non-operative treatment for spinal stenosis. [31]
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a member of the calcitonin family of peptides consisting of calcitonin, amylin, adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 and calcitonin‑receptor‑stimulating peptide. Calcitonin is mainly produced by thyroid C cells whilst CGRP is secreted and stored in the nervous system. [1]
Calcitonin lowers blood levels of calcium by inhibiting the resorption of bone by osteoclasts, and its secretion is increased proportionally with the concentration of calcium. [ 7 ] Parafollicular cells are also known to secrete in smaller quantities several neuroendocrine peptides such as serotonin , somatostatin or CGRP .
[11] [12] It follows that an increase in vitamin D 3 intake should lead to a decrease in bone resorption — it has been shown that oral administration of vitamin D does not linearly correlate to increased serum levels of calcifediol, [13] the precursor to calcitriol. Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid in humans.
the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in children aged three years and older with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance dialysis therapy in whom secondary HPT is not adequately controlled with standard of care therapy. [5] part of a therapeutic regimen including phosphate binders and/or vitamin D sterols, as appropriate. [5]
A dog with degenerative myelopathy often stands with its legs close together and may not correct an unusual foot position due to a lack of conscious proprioception. Canine degenerative myelopathy, also known as chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy, is an incurable, progressive disease of the canine spinal cord that is similar in many ways to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Follicular dysplasia is a genetic disease of dogs causing alopecia, also called hair loss. It is caused by hair follicles that are misfunctioning due to structural abnormality. There are several types, some affecting only certain breeds. Diagnosis is achieved through a biopsy, and treatment is rarely successful.
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