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Formally, a message authentication code (MAC) system is a triple of efficient [4] algorithms (G, S, V) satisfying: G (key-generator) gives the key k on input 1 n, where n is the security parameter. S (signing) outputs a tag t on the key k and the input string x. V (verifying) outputs accepted or rejected on inputs: the key k, the string x and ...
MAC addresses are primarily assigned by device manufacturers, and are therefore often referred to as the burned-in address, or as an Ethernet hardware address, hardware address, or physical address. Each address can be stored in the interface hardware, such as its read-only memory , or by a firmware mechanism.
ISO/IEC 9797-1 Information technology – Security techniques – Message Authentication Codes (MACs) – Part 1: Mechanisms using a block cipher [1] is an international standard that defines methods for calculating a message authentication code (MAC) over data.
seed key - (NSA) a key used to initialize a cryptographic device so it can accept operational keys using benign transfer techniques. Also a key used to initialize a pseudorandom number generator to generate other keys. signature key - public key cryptography can also be used to electronically sign messages. The private key is used to create the ...
The shared secret is either shared beforehand between the communicating parties, in which case it can also be called a pre-shared key, or it is created at the start of the communication session by using a key-agreement protocol, for instance using public-key cryptography such as Diffie–Hellman or using symmetric-key cryptography such as Kerberos.
Multiple identical MAC addresses are supported on Token Ring (a feature used by S/390 mainframes). [12] Switched Ethernet cannot support duplicate MAC addresses without reprimand. [17] Token Ring was more complex than Ethernet, requiring a specialized processor and licensed MAC/LLC firmware for each interface. By contrast, Ethernet included ...
Each device is given its Device Keys and a 31-bit number d called the device number. For each Device Key, there is an associated number denoted the path number, the “u” bit mask, and the “v” bit mask. The path number denotes the position in the tree associated with the Device Key. This path number defines a path from the root to that ...
The signature used here is a MAC, signed with a key not known to the attacker. [note 1] It is possible for an attacker to modify the request in this example by switching the requested waffle from "eggo" to "liege." This can be done by taking advantage of a flexibility in the message format if duplicate content in the query string gives ...