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The strategy of asking an interlocutor for the correct word or other help is a communication strategy. [3] Non-verbal strategies This can refer to strategies such as the use of gesture and mime to augment or replace verbal communication. [1] [9] Avoidance Avoidance, which takes multiple forms, has been identified as a communication strategy.
The hypotheses are the input hypothesis, the acquisition–learning hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis and the affective filter hypothesis. The input hypothesis was first published in 1977. [1] [2] The hypotheses put primary importance on the comprehensible input (CI) that language learners are exposed to.
Four corners is a collaborative method of teaching and learning that gives the students a platform for various cognitive and affective learnings. This strategy helps the students to think at a higher level, reflect on what they have learned in class, voice opinions safely, learn to critique on various issues, evaluate certain solutions, and communicate better.
John C. Norcross is among the psychologists who have simplified the balance sheet to four cells: the pros and cons of changing, for self and for others. [19] Similarly, a number of psychologists have simplified the balance sheet to a four-cell format consisting of the pros and cons of the current behaviour and of a changed behaviour. [20]
An instructional theory is "a theory that offers explicit guidance on how to better help people learn and develop." [1] It provides insights about what is likely to happen and why with respect to different kinds of teaching and learning activities while helping indicate approaches for their evaluation. [2]
The learning pyramid (also known as “the cone of learning”, “the learning cone”, “the cone of retention”, “the pyramid of learning”, or “the pyramid of retention”) [1] is a group of ineffective [2] learning models and representations relating different degrees of retention induced from various types of learning.
The backward design approach has three stages. Stage 1 is identification of desired results for students. This may use content standards, common core or state standards. Stage 1 defines "Students will understand that..." and lists essential questions that will guide the learner to understanding. Stage 2 is assessing learning strategies.
Learning theory describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained. [1] [2]