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Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the jugular venous arch (or venous jugular arch), which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. There are no valves in this vein.
They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the transverse foramina of the upper six cervical vertebrae.
The internal jugular veins join with the subclavian veins more medially to form the brachiocephalic veins. Finally, the left and right brachiocephalic veins join to form the superior vena cava, which delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart. [2] The jugular vein has tributaries consisting of petrosal sinus, facial, lingual ...
[1] [2] They receive blood from the cerebral veins, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space via arachnoid granulations. They mainly empty into the internal jugular vein. [2] Cranial venous sinuses communicate with veins outside the skull through emissary veins. These communications help to keep the pressure of blood in the ...
(2) four lateral longitudinal veins which run behind the nerve roots. They end in the intervertebral veins. Near the base of the skull they unite, and form two or three small trunks, which communicate with the vertebral veins, and then end in the inferior cerebellar veins, or in the inferior petrosal sinuses.
The posterior internal vertebral venous plexus [2] consists of two veins situated - one on either side - upon the anterior aspect of the vertebral arches and ligamenta flava. They form anastomoses with posterior external plexuses by way of veins passing through or between the ligamenta flava.
Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the venous jugular arch, which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. [1] There are no valves in this vein. [1] The pretracheal lymph nodes follow the anterior jugular vein on each side of the ...
reflux in the internal jugular and vertebral veins, reflux in the deep cerebral veins, high-resolution B-mode ultrasound evidence of stenosis of the internal jugular vein, absence of flow in the internal jugular or vertebral veins on Doppler ultrasound, and; reverted postural control of the main cerebral venous outflow pathways.