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One of the best known exceptions to the iron law of oligarchy is the now defunct International Typographical Union, described by Seymour Martin Lipset in his 1956 book, Union Democracy. [10] Lipset suggests a number of factors that existed in the ITU that are supposedly responsible for countering this tendency toward bureaucratic oligarchy.
Idiocracy is a 2006 American science fiction comedy film co-produced and directed by Mike Judge from a screenplay written by Judge and Etan Cohen based on a story written by Judge. The plot follows United States Army librarian Joe Bauers and prostitute Rita, who undergo a government hibernation experiment.
There is a purge of followers, and bureaucratization of the state and party. [23] The economy is nationalized, and totally mobilized in support of the ideocracy. [24] There will be scapegoating of enemies and terrorizing of dissidents. [25] Evolution. Self-destruction. One or more of the following may cause decline.
A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system. [1] In a one-party state, all opposition parties are either outlawed or enjoy limited and controlled participation in elections .
"Our Fragile Intellect" is a 2012 article by American biochemist Gerald Crabtree, published in the journal Trends in Genetics.Crabtree's speculative and controversial thesis argues that human intelligence peaked sometime between 2,000 and 6,000 years ago and has been in steady decline since the advent of agriculture and increasing urbanization.
Uniparty is used as a term to suggest that ostensibly separate political parties actually function as a single party. It is often used to describe the United States Republican Party and Democratic Party as two faces of a uniparty, though it has also been used in reference to the British Conservative Party and Labour Party. [1]
Writing in defense of the Constitution in March 1788, [9] Adams referred to "a single sovereign assembly, each member…only accountable to his constituents; and the majority of members who have been of one party" as a "tyranny of the majority", attempting to highlight the need instead for "a mixed government, consisting of three branches".
The United States has had six party systems over its history. Each one is a characteristic platform and set of constituencies of each of the two major parties. A new party system emerges from a burst of reform, and in some cases, the disintegration of a party in the previous system (1st: Federalist, 2nd: Whig).