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  2. Engineering drawing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_drawing

    As a necessary means for visually conveying ideas, technical drawing has been in one form or another a part of human history since antiquity. The use of these early drawings was to express architectural and engineering concepts for large cultural structures: the temples, monuments, and public infrastructure.

  3. Symmetry aspects of M. C. Escher's periodic drawings

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_aspects_of_M._C...

    In the first chapter, entitled Patterns with Classical Symmetry, the author introduces the concepts of motif, symmetry operations, lattice and unit cell, and uses these to analyze the symmetry of 13 of Escher's tiling designs. In the second chapter, Patterns with Black-white Symmetry, the antisymmetry operation (indicated by a prime ') is ...

  4. Symmetry (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_(geometry)

    A drawing of a butterfly with bilateral symmetry, with left and right sides as mirror images of each other. In geometry, an object has symmetry if there is an operation or transformation (such as translation, scaling, rotation or reflection) that maps the figure/object onto itself (i.e., the object has an invariance under the transform). [1]

  5. Oblique projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblique_projection

    Oblique drawing is also the crudest "3D" drawing method but the easiest to master. One way to draw using an oblique view is to draw the side of the object in two dimensions, i.e. flat, and then draw the other sides at an angle of 45°, but instead of drawing the sides full size they are only drawn with half the depth creating 'forced depth ...

  6. Tessellation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation

    A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to higher dimensions and a variety of geometries.

  7. Duality (projective geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duality_(projective_geometry)

    In projective geometry, duality or plane duality is a formalization of the striking symmetry of the roles played by points and lines in the definitions and theorems of projective planes. There are two approaches to the subject of duality, one through language (§ Principle of duality) and the other a more functional approach through special ...

  8. Spirograph - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirograph

    Spirograph is a geometric drawing device that produces mathematical roulette curves of the variety technically known as hypotrochoids and epitrochoids.The well-known toy version was developed by British engineer Denys Fisher and first sold in 1965.

  9. Block design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_design

    A design is said to be balanced (up to t) if all t-subsets of the original set occur in equally many (i.e., λ) blocks [clarification needed].When t is unspecified, it can usually be assumed to be 2, which means that each pair of elements is found in the same number of blocks and the design is pairwise balanced.