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The nitrate esters isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) and isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur, Ismo, Monoket, Mononitron) are converted in the body to nitric oxide, a potent natural vasodilator. In medicine , these esters are used as a medicine for angina pectoris ( ischemic heart disease ).
Isosorbide dinitrate is a medication used for heart failure, esophageal spasms, and to treat and prevent chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart. [1] It has been found to be particularly useful in heart failure due to systolic dysfunction together with hydralazine .
Nitrates mainly differ in speed and duration of their action. Glyceryl trinitrate acts fast and short (10 to 30 minutes), while most other nitrates have a slower onset of action, but are effective for up to six hours. Molsidomine, as has been mentioned, not only acts slowly but also differs from the nitrates in exhibiting no tolerance. [2]
Isosorbide mononitrate, sold under many brand names, is a medication used for heart-related chest pain , heart failure and esophageal spasms. [2] It can be used both to treat and to prevent heart-related chest pain; however, it is generally less preferred than beta blockers or calcium channel blockers. [2] It is taken by mouth. [2]
In the medical field, nitrate-derived organic esters, such as glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, and isosorbide mononitrate, are used in the prophylaxis and management of acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary oedema. [10] This class of drug, to which amyl nitrite also belongs, is known as nitrovasodilators.
The most common adverse effects are headache, which occurs in 10–25% of patients, and low blood pressure. Side effects occurring in fewer than 1% of patients include dizziness, nausea , reflex tachycardia (fast heartbeat), hypersensitivity reactions, as well as thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet count) in rare cases.
It is a combination of hydralazine hydrochloride (an arteriolar vasodilator) and isosorbide dinitrate (a nitrate vasodilator). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication to treat congestive heart failure in specifically self-identified Black patients.
English: Skeletal formula of isosorbide mononitrate—a nitrovasodilator used in the treatment of angina pectoris. Created with ChemDoodle 7.0.2 and Adobe Illustrator CC.
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