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The 1918 Spanish flu was the first of three flu pandemics caused by H1N1 influenza A virus; the others being the 1977 Russian flu and the 2009 Swine flu pandemics. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Etymologies
This is a timeline of influenza, briefly describing major events such as outbreaks, epidemics, pandemics, discoveries and developments of vaccines.In addition to specific year/period-related events, there is the seasonal flu that kills between 250,000 and 500,000 people every year and has claimed between 340 million and 1 billion human lives throughout history.
Hong Kong flu: 1968–1970 Worldwide Influenza A virus subtype H3N2: 1–4 million [187] [203] [204] 1971 Staphorst polio epidemic 1971 Staphorst, Netherlands Poliomyelitis: 5 [207] 1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak: 1972 Yugoslavia: Smallpox: 35 [208] London flu: 1972–1973 United States Influenza A virus subtype H3N2: 1,027 [209] 1973 Italy ...
Jeffery K. Taubenberger (born 1961 in Landstuhl, Germany) is an American virologist.With Ann Reid, he was the first to sequence the genome of the influenza virus which caused the 1918 pandemic of Spanish flu.
Flu spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics. Ten pandemics were recorded before the Spanish flu of 1918. [6] Three influenza pandemics occurred during the 20th century and killed tens of millions of people, with each of these pandemics being caused by the appearance of a new strain of the virus in humans.
[84] [85] [86] The shortened form of the word, "flu", is first attested in 1839 as flue with the spelling flu confirmed in 1893. [87] Other names that have been used for influenza include epidemic catarrh, la grippe from French, sweating sickness, and, especially when referring to the 1918 pandemic strain, Spanish fever. [88]
When the Spanish flu, the history's deadliest known influenza pandemic, began in 1918, most scientists believed that Pfeiffer's bacillus caused influenza. With the lethality of this outbreak (which killed an estimated 20 to 100 million worldwide) came urgency—researchers around the world began to search for Pfeiffer's bacillus in patients ...
In 2005 the virus' polymerase genes were sequenced, thus completing the entire genome of the virus. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] This enabled researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine , led by Dr Terrence Tumpey to synthesize RNA segments from the H1N1 virus and ultimately reconstruct infective ...