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Illustration of the partial payout of Sum Insured against probability of occurrence. Condition of average (also called underinsurance [1] in the U.S., or principle of average, [2] subject to average, [3] or pro rata condition of average [4] in Commonwealth countries) is the insurance term used when calculating a payout against a claim where the policy undervalues the sum insured.
The law of averages is the commonly held belief that a particular outcome or event will, over certain periods of time, occur at a frequency that is similar to its probability. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Depending on context or application it can be considered a valid common-sense observation or a misunderstanding of probability.
Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu theorem (SMD theorem) is a theorem for exchange economy that can be expressed in the following way: . for a function that is continuous, homogeneous of degree zero, and in accord with Walras's law,there is an economy with at least as many agents as goods such that, for prices bounded away from zero, the function is the aggregate demand function for this economy.
The term law of total probability is sometimes taken to mean the law of alternatives, which is a special case of the law of total probability applying to discrete random variables. [ citation needed ] One author uses the terminology of the "Rule of Average Conditional Probabilities", [ 4 ] while another refers to it as the "continuous law of ...
Supply and demand interpretation of Samuelson condition. When written this way, the Samuelson condition has a simple graphical interpretation. Each individual consumer's marginal benefit, , represents his or her demand for the public good, or willingness to pay. The sum of the marginal benefits represent the aggregate willingness to pay or ...
A form of what is now called general average was included in the Lex Rhodia, the Rhodes Maritime Code of c. 800 BC. [4] Julius Paulus quoted from the law around the turn of the 3rd century, and these quotes are preserved, and an excerpt is included in Justinian's 6th-century Digest of Justinian (part of the Corpus Juris Civilis), although the Lex Rhodia is itself now lost.
In probability theory and statistics, the law of the unconscious statistician, or LOTUS, is a theorem which expresses the expected value of a function g(X) of a random variable X in terms of g and the probability distribution of X. The form of the law depends on the type of random variable X in question.
Confusingly, Design Patterns uses "aggregate" to refer to the blank in the code for x in ___: which is unrelated to the term "aggregation". [1] Neither of these terms refer to the statistical aggregation of data such as the act of adding up the Fibonacci sequence or taking the average of a list of numbers.