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The one-child policy had various exemptions, including twins, rural families who could have more children due to the necessities of farm work, and ethnic minorities. [20]: 58 The strict limitation of one child applied to approximately 35% of China's population. [22]: 63 The 1980 Marriage Law described birth planning as a national duty.
The one-child policy was a tool for China to not only address overpopulation, but to also address poverty alleviation and increase social mobility by consolidating the combined inherited wealth of the two previous generations into the investment and success of one child instead of having these resources spread thinly across multiple children. [85]
The most significant population planning system in the world was China's one-child policy, in which, with various exceptions, having more than one child was discouraged. Unauthorized births were punished by fines, although there were also allegations of illegal forced abortions and forced sterilization . [ 57 ]
As China's youngest generation (born under the one-child policy) came of age for formation of the next generation, a single child would be left with having to provide support for their two parents and four grandparents. By 2014 families could have two children if one of the parents is an only child.
In 2015, the Chinese government decided to change the one-child policy and implemented a two-child policy. [73] Some researchers argue that son preference along with the one-child policy are one of the many contributing factors to an imbalanced sex ratio that has left millions of unmarried men unable to marry and start a family. [74]
Chinese women haunted by their parents’ struggles and their own sacrifices under the one-child policy eye parenthood with reluctance – making Beijing’s pro-birth push a tough sell.
China infamously once limited couples to one child each to control population growth. That led to a shortage of young people, and in 2016 the government upped the limit to two children. In 2021 ...
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