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  2. Protection ring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protection_ring

    Supervisor mode is "an execution mode on some processors which enables execution of all instructions, including privileged instructions. It may also give access to a different address space, to memory management hardware and to other peripherals. This is the mode in which the operating system usually runs." [12]

  3. Linux Unified Key Setup - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Unified_Key_Setup

    On a Linux system, the boot partition (/boot) may be encrypted if the bootloader itself supports LUKS (e.g. GRUB). This is undertaken to prevent tampering with the Linux kernel. However, the first stage bootloader or an EFI system partition cannot be encrypted (see Full disk encryption#The boot key problem). [14]

  4. PDF - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF

    Interactive Forms is a mechanism to add forms to the PDF file format. PDF currently supports two different methods for integrating data and PDF forms. Both formats today coexist in the PDF specification: [38] [53] [54] [55] AcroForms (also known as Acrobat forms), introduced in the PDF 1.2 format specification and included in all later PDF ...

  5. NX bit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NX_bit

    In ARMv6, a new page table entry format was introduced; it includes an "execute never" bit. [1] For ARMv8-A, VMSAv8-64 block and page descriptors, and VMSAv8-32 long-descriptor block and page descriptors, for stage 1 translations have "execute never" bits for both privileged and unprivileged modes, and block and page descriptors for stage 2 translations have a single "execute never" bit (two ...

  6. Separation of mechanism and policy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_mechanism...

    The separation of mechanism and policy [1] is a design principle in computer science.It states that mechanisms (those parts of a system implementation that control the authorization of operations and the allocation of resources) should not dictate (or overly restrict) the policies according to which decisions are made about which operations to authorize, and which resources to allocate.

  7. Executable-space protection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable-space_protection

    Many operating systems implement or have an available executable space protection policy. Here is a list of such systems in alphabetical order, each with technologies ordered from newest to oldest. For some technologies, there is a summary which gives the major features each technology supports.

  8. Trusted execution environment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_execution_environment

    [1] [2] [3] A TEE as an isolated execution environment provides security features such as isolated execution, integrity of applications executing with the TEE, and confidentiality of their assets. In general terms, the TEE offers an execution space that provides a higher level of security for trusted applications running on the device than a ...

  9. File locking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_locking

    Any file containing an executable program file that is currently running on the computer system as a program (e.g. an EXE, COM, DLL, CPL or other binary program file format) is normally locked by the operating system itself, preventing any application from modifying or deleting it. Any attempt to do so will be denied with a sharing violation ...