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-u - Sets the size of the socket send/receive buffer in bytes. If zero (default), the system default will be used. Tune this parameter if the speed measurement results are unexpectedly low or packet loss occurs.-b - Sets the transfer speed in kilobits per second.-s - Sets the size of ICMP packet (excluding IPv4/IPv6 header) in bytes.
Ping operates by means of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets. Pinging involves sending an ICMP echo request to the target host and waiting for an ICMP echo reply. The program reports errors, packet loss , and a statistical summary of the results, typically including the minimum, maximum, the mean round-trip times, and standard ...
The ICMP header starts after the IPv4 header and is identified by its protocol number, 1. [6] All ICMP packets have an eight-byte header and variable-sized data section. The first four bytes of the header have fixed format, while the last four bytes depend on the type and code of the ICMP packet.
IPv4 provides safeguards to ensure that the header of an IP packet is error-free. A routing node discards packets that fail a header checksum test. Although the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) provides notification of errors, a routing
-i address Use the specified source address.-n Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.-p period Wait period milliseconds between pings.-q num_queries Number of queries per hop.-w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.-P Test for RSVP PATH connectivity.-R Test if each hop is RSVP aware.-T Test connectivity to each hop with Layer-2 ...
Traceroute can help identify incorrect routing table definitions or firewalls that may be blocking ICMP traffic, or high port UDP in Unix ping, to a site. [clarify] A correct traceroute response does not guarantee connectivity for applications as a firewall may permit ICMP packets but not permit packets of other protocols.
RTT is a measure of the amount of time taken for an entire message to be sent to a destination and for a reply to be sent back to the sender. The time to send the message to the destination in its entirety is known as the network latency, and thus RTT is twice the latency in the network plus a processing delay at the destination.
IEEE 802.1ag is an amendment to the IEEE 802.1Q networking standard which introduces Connectivity Fault Management (CFM). This defines protocols and practices for the operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) of paths through 802.1 bridges and local area networks (LANs).