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Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase I named after the thermophilic eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus, from which it was originally isolated by Chinese scientist Alice Chien et al. in 1976. [1] Its name is often abbreviated to Taq or Taq pol.
Thermus aquaticus is a species of bacteria that can tolerate high temperatures, one of several thermophilic bacteria that belong to the Deinococcota phylum. It is the source of the heat-resistant enzyme Taq DNA polymerase, one of the most important enzymes in molecular biology because of its use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification technique.
Taq-DNA-Polymerase with exonuclease- (top left) and polymerase domain with DNA (bottom right). Thermostable DNA polymerases are DNA polymerases that originate from thermophiles, usually bacterial or archaeal species, and are therefore thermostable.
The insert is created by PCR using Taq polymerase. This polymerase lacks 3' to 5' proofreading activity and, with a high probability, adds a single, 3'-adenine overhang to each end of the PCR product. It is best if the PCR primers have guanines at the 5' end as this maximizes probability of Taq DNA polymerase adding the terminal adenosine ...
A physical barrier is created between Taq DNA polymerase and the remainder of the PCR components by the wax beads which are temperature dependent. Once the temperature rises over 70 °C, during the denaturation step in the first cycle, the wax bead melts, allowing the Taq DNA polymerase to escape past the barrier and be released into the ...
As the Taq polymerase extends the primer and synthesizes the nascent strand (from the single-stranded template), the 5' to 3' exonuclease activity of the Taq polymerase degrades the probe that has annealed to the template. Degradation of the probe releases the fluorophore from it and breaks the proximity to the quencher, thus relieving the ...
Structure of Taq DNA polymerase. In biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base-pairing interactions or RNA by half ladder replication.
Pyrococcus abyssi polD is more heat-stable and more accurate than Taq polymerase, but has not yet been commercialized. [41] It has been proposed that family D DNA polymerase was the first to evolve in cellular organisms and that the replicative polymerase of the Last Universal Cellular Ancestor (LUCA) belonged to family D. [42]
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