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Some varieties of flumes are used in measuring water flow of a larger channel. When used to measure the flow of water in open channels, a flume is defined as a specially shaped, fixed hydraulic structure that under free-flow conditions forces flow to accelerate in such a manner that the flow rate through the flume can be characterized by a level-to-flow relationship as applied to a single head ...
The broad crested weir at the Thorp grist mill in Thorp, Washington, US. Commonly, weirs are used to prevent flooding, measure water discharge, and help render rivers more navigable by boat. In some locations, the terms dam and weir are synonymous, but normally there is a clear distinction made between the structures. Usually, a dam is designed ...
Eskers may be broad-crested or sharp-crested with steep sides. [5] They can reach hundreds of kilometers in length and are generally 20–30 m (66–98 ft) in height. The path of an esker is governed by its water pressure in relation to the overlying ice.
Weir on Lake Tecumseh, Virginia. A flow control structure is a device that alters the flow of water in a stream, drainage channel or pipe. As a group these are passive structures since they operate without intervention under different amounts of water flow and their impact changes based on the quantity of water available.
A fishing weir, fish weir, fishgarth [1] or kiddle [2] is an obstruction placed in tidal waters, or wholly or partially across a river, to direct the passage of, or trap fish. A weir may be used to trap marine fish in the intertidal zone as the tide recedes, fish such as salmon as they attempt to swim upstream to breed in a river, or eels as ...
The weir at Mapledurham Lock Mapledurham Watermill. From ancient times there were many obstructions across the Thames, for fish-pounds and millers' weirs. They are referred to by Asserius Menevensis in the ninth century and Magna Carta (1215) states that "weirs, for the time to come, shall be demolished in the Thames and Medway, except on the ...
Parshall flumes (right) alongside other types of flow meters. The Parshall flume is an open channel flow-metering device that was developed to measure the flow of surface water and irrigation flow.
The tilting weir has its origins in the 19th century drum weir which functions using the same principles as the 20th century design. The drum weir, was for a long time confined to the River Marne, where it was first introduced in 1857. [5] Early tilting weirs were constructed from wrought iron and wood.