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Radical mastectomy is a surgical procedure that treats breast cancer by removing the breast and its underlying chest muscle (including pectoralis major and pectoralis minor), and lymph nodes of the axilla (armpit). Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women.
Radical mastectomy (or "Halsted mastectomy"): First performed in 1882, this procedure involves removing the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes, and the pectoralis major and minor muscles behind the breast. This procedure is more disfiguring than a modified radical mastectomy and provides no survival benefit for most tumors.
William Stewart Halsted, M.D. (September 23, 1852 – September 7, 1922) was an American surgeon who emphasized strict aseptic technique during surgical procedures, was an early champion of newly discovered anesthetics, and introduced several new operations, including the radical mastectomy for breast cancer.
Surgery is the primary management for breast cancer. Depending on staging and biologic characteristics of the tumor, surgery can be a lumpectomy (removal of the lump only), a mastectomy, or a modified radical mastectomy. Lymph nodes are often included in the scope of breast tumor removal.
Jerome Urban (1914-1991) was an American surgical oncologist who promoted superradical mastectomies until 1963, when the lack of difference in ten-year survival rates convinced him that it worked no better than the less-mutilating radical mastectomy. [1] [2]
After Rose Kushner's June 1974 discovery of a cancerous lump in her breast, breast cancer became the focus of her life.On the basis of her library research into breast cancer treatment, she objected to the treatment which was then standard, in which a tumor biopsy and radical mastectomy were performed in a single surgical operation while the patient was under anesthesia.
Since the late 19th century, breast cancer had been treated with the Halsted radical mastectomy, named for its originator, Dr. William Stewart Halsted (1852–1922), a famous surgeon at Johns Hopkins Hospital. This procedure involved the removal not only of the entire breast but also the underarm lymph nodes and chest wall muscles.
It was previously a relatively common complication of the massive lymphedema of the arm which followed removal of axillary (arm pit) lymph nodes and lymphatic channels as part of the classical Halstedian radical mastectomy, as a treatment for breast cancer. The classical radical mastectomy was abandoned in most areas of the world in the late ...