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However, the European Grand Orient Lodge of Masons, established primarily in Italy and France, is still considered anti-Catholic or, at least, atheistic," and that "the CDF 'let it be known that Catholics joining the Freemasons are no longer automatically excommunicated. The Church's new attitude has been in effect for more than a year.'
Giuseppe Garibaldi, a leader of Italian unification, was an active Mason and a keen supporter of the craft. In the 1920s, Freemasonry was again suppressed under Italian fascism but revived again after the fall of Benito Mussolini. Into the 21st century, Italy contains a wide variety of Masonic observances, regular, liberal, male, female and mixed.
Propaganda Due (Italian pronunciation: [propaˈɡanda ˈduːe]; P2) was a Masonic lodge, founded in 1877, within the tradition of Continental Freemasonry and under the authority of Grand Orient of Italy. Its Masonic charter was withdrawn in 1976, and it was transformed by Worshipful Master Licio Gelli into an international, illegal, clandestine ...
For example, in the encyclical Custodi di quella fede Leo XIII warned against Catholics becoming involved with liberal groups [20] and asked Catholics to become more involved in forms of Catholic Action away from the "Masonic" state. [21] In 2007 Italian politicians in the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats and Forza Italia accused ...
Licio Gelli (Italian pronunciation: [ˈliːtʃo ˈdʒɛlli]; 21 April 1919 – 15 December 2015) was an Italian Freemason and businessman. A Fascist volunteer in his youth, he is chiefly known for his role in the Banco Ambrosiano scandal. He was revealed in 1981 as being the Venerable Master of the clandestine masonic lodge Propaganda Due (P2).
During the war, Freemasonry was banned by edict in all countries that were either allied with the Nazis or under Nazi control, including Norway and France. Anti-Masonic exhibitions were held in many occupied countries. Field-Marshal Friedrich Paulus was denounced as a "High-grade Freemason" when he surrendered to the Soviet Union in 1943. [42]
The Permanent Instruction of the Alta Vendita (commonly called the Alta Vendita, "high marketplace") is a document originally published in Italian in 1859, claimed by some Catholics to have been produced by the highest lodge [1] of the Italian Carbonari and written by "Piccolo Tigre" ("Little Tiger").
The Gran Loggia d'Italia degli A.L.A.M. (the acronym stands for Antichi Liberi e Accettati Muratori), known in English as the Grand Lodge of Italy of the A.F.A.M. (the acronym stands for Ancient Free and Accepted Masons), is a Continental Freemasonic organization based at Palazzo Vitelleschi, in Rome.