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1848 constitutional reform documents Frontpage of the 1848 Constitution [1] A plaque commemorating the 1848 Reform debates The Constitutional Reform of 1848 ( Dutch : Grondwetsherziening van 1848 ) laid the basis for the present system of parliamentary democracy in the Netherlands .
The new liberal constitution, which put the government under the control of the States General, was accepted by the legislature in 1848. The relationship between monarch, government and parliament has remained essentially unchanged ever since. In fact, the current Constitution of the Netherlands is the 1848 Constitution, albeit with amendments.
A revision in 1848 instituted a system of parliamentary democracy. In 1983, the most recent major revision of the Constitution of the Netherlands was undertaken, almost fully rewriting the text and adding new civil rights. The text is sober, devoid of legal or political doctrine and includes a bill of rights.
The Constitutional Reform of 1848 resulted in direct elections to the House of Representatives. Members served a four-year term, with half of the seats up for election every two years. [2] The total membership was set at one member for each 45000 Dutch citizens; [3] so the house increased to 68 members; in 1859 it grew further to 72 members. [1]
Since the 1970s however liberalism has been on the rise again electorally. Since 1977 the largest, more conservative, liberal party, VVD has been in government for twenty two years. In early 21st century the VVD saw major splits over the issue of integration and migration. In 2010, they won the national elections for the first time in its history.
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 30 November and 4 December 1848. [1] Held immediately after the Constitutional Reform of 1848, they were the first direct elections to the House of Representatives, and were the first to elect a States General to which government ministers would be responsible. [2]
Johan Rudolph Thorbecke (14 January 1798 – 4 June 1872) was a Dutch liberal statesman, one of the most important Dutch politicians of the 19th century. Thorbecke is best known for heading the commission that drafted the revision of the Constitution of the Netherlands in 1848, amidst the liberal democratic revolutions of 1848.
Before the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802), the Low Countries was a patchwork of different polities created by the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648). The Dutch Republic in the north was independent; the Southern Netherlands was split between the Austrian Netherlands and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège [2] - the former being part of Habsburg monarchy, while both were part of the Holy Roman ...