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A matrix organization. Matrix management is an organizational structure in which some individuals report to more than one supervisor or leader—relationships described as solid line or dotted line reporting, also understood in context of vertical, horizontal & diagonal communication in organisation for keeping the best output of product or services.
This, in turn, can be confusing for employees to understand who is next in the chain of command. An additional disadvantage of the matrix structure is higher manager to worker ratio that results in conflicting loyalties of employees. However, the matrix structure also has significant advantages that make it valuable for companies to use.
Solid-line reporting is a direct reporting relationship between a supervisor and their supervised worker. The supervisor provides primary guidance to the worker, controls the major financial resources on which the worker relies to perform their work, conducts performance reviews with the worker, and provides all other direct supervision.
Line of business (LOB) is a general term which refers to a product or a set of related products that serve a particular customer transaction or business need. In some industry sectors , like insurance , "line of business" also has a regulatory and accounting definition to meet a statutory set of insurance policies.
Accounting research is carried out both by academic researchers and by practicing accountants.Academic accounting research addresses all areas of the accounting profession, and examines issues using the scientific method; it uses evidence from a wide variety of sources, including financial information, experiments, computer simulations, interviews, surveys, historical records, and ethnography.
Business and management research is a systematic inquiry that helps to solve business problems and contributes to management knowledge. It Is an applied research. Four factors (Easterby-Smith, 2008) combine to make business and management a distinctive focus for research : Transdiscipline approach
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Management accounting is an applied discipline used in various industries. The specific functions and principles followed can vary based on the industry. Management accounting principles in banking are specialized but do have some common fundamental concepts used whether the industry is manufacturing-based or service-oriented.