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  2. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Optional_Protocol...

    Signatories to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR: parties in dark green, signatories in light green, non-members in grey. The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, is a subsidiary agreement to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

  3. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Covenant_on...

    The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty that commits nations to respect the civil and political rights of individuals, including the right to life, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, electoral rights and rights to due process and a fair trial. [3]

  4. Hate speech - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hate_speech

    Article 20(2) of the ICCPR prohibits national, religious, or racial hatred that incites violence, discrimination, or hostility. [24] Most developed democracies have laws that restrict hate speech, including Australia, Canada, [25] Denmark, France, Germany, India, Ireland, [26] South Africa, Sweden, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. [27]

  5. First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Optional_Protocol_to...

    It was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 16 December 1966, and entered into force on 23 March 1976. As of July 2024, it had 116 state parties and 35 signatories. [ 1 ] Three of the ratifying states ( Belarus , Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago ) have denounced the protocol.

  6. Online hate speech - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_hate_speech

    The concept of "advocacy of hatred" introduced in the ICCPR is more specific than discriminatory speech described in the ICERD, since it is taken to require consideration of the intent of author and not the expression in isolation—this is because "advocacy" is interpreted in the ICCPR as requiring the intent to sow hatred. [31]

  7. International Bill of Human Rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bill_of...

    It consists of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted in 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR, 1966) with its two Optional Protocols and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR, 1966). The two covenants entered into force in 1976, after a sufficient number of ...

  8. United Nations Human Rights Committee - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Human...

    The ICCPR states the basic rules for the membership of the Human Rights Committee. Article 28 of the ICCPR states that the Committee is composed of 18 members from states parties to the ICCPR, "who shall be persons of high moral character and recognized competence in the field of human rights", with consideration "to the usefulness of the participation of some persons having legal experience."

  9. Defamation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defamation

    Although laws vary by state, and not all jurisdictions recognise defamation per se, there are four general categories of false statement that typically support a per se action: [54] accusing someone of a crime; alleging that someone has a foul or loathsome disease; adversely reflecting on a person's fitness to conduct their business or trade; and