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Normalcy bias can cause people to drastically underestimate the effects of the disaster. Therefore, people think that they will be safe even though information from the radio, television, or neighbors gives them reasons to believe there is a risk.
In over-optimism and normalcy bias, people believe that disasters will happen elsewhere, and even if they do happen locally only their neighbors will be affected. [8] Another obstacle to preparedness is the interval between disasters. When there is a long time between disasters, there is less urgency to prepare.
Normalcy bias, a form of cognitive dissonance, is the refusal to plan for, or react to, a disaster which has never happened before. Effort justification is a person's tendency to attribute greater value to an outcome if they had to put effort into achieving it. This can result in more value being applied to an outcome than it actually has.
The original example cited by Vaughan is the events leading to the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986, but the concept has also been applied to aviation safety, [4] [5] clinical practice in medicine, [6] and the public's deviance from health measures aimed to stop the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Implicit bias could be subtle, like when a BIPOC student raises his or her hand in a classroom, yet the teacher routinely selects a White classmate to answer. Or it could be more overt, like being ...
Trump’s message and Tucker’s interview were fitting ways to wind down 2023, the year America finally gave up on normal politics. In both cases, flouting expectations of normalcy was the point.
The study of how humans respond to disasters is a phenomenon one can study by examining diverse source documents created and preserved throughout human history thus far. [1] [2] In ancient times, disasters were seen through the lens of supernormal explanations.