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The Planck constant, or Planck's constant, denoted by , [1] is a fundamental physical constant [1] of foundational importance in quantum mechanics: a photon's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the Planck constant, and the wavelength of a matter wave equals the Planck constant divided by the associated particle momentum.
The conductance quantum, denoted by the symbol G 0, is the quantized unit of electrical conductance.It is defined by the elementary charge e and Planck constant h as: = = = 7.748 091 729... × 10 −5 S.
since / = 1.239 841 984... × 10 −6 eV⋅m [4] where h is the Planck constant, c is the speed of light, and e is the elementary charge. The photon energy of near infrared radiation at 1 μm wavelength is approximately 1.2398 eV.
In other natural unit systems, the unit of charge is defined as , with the result that =, where α is the fine-structure constant, c is the speed of light, ε 0 is the electric constant, and ħ is the reduced Planck constant.
Already before the Rutherford model of atomic structure, several theorists commented that the magneton should involve the Planck constant h. [6] By postulating that the ratio of electron kinetic energy to orbital frequency should be equal to h, Richard Gans computed a value that was twice as large as the Bohr magneton in September 1911. [7]
A fundamental physical constant occurring in quantum mechanics is the Planck constant, h. A common abbreviation is ħ = h /2 π , also known as the reduced Planck constant or Dirac constant . Quantity (common name/s)
In SI units, the values of c, h, e and k B are exact and the values of ε 0 and G in SI units respectively have relative uncertainties of 1.6 × 10 −10 [16] and 2.2 × 10 −5. [17] Hence, the uncertainties in the SI values of the Planck units derive almost entirely from uncertainty in the SI value of G .
The constants listed here are known values of physical constants expressed in SI units; that is, physical quantities that are generally believed to be universal in nature and thus are independent of the unit system in which they are measured. Many of these are redundant, in the sense that they obey a known relationship with other physical ...