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Although specific names exist for each type of pipette, in practice, any type can be referred to as a "pipette". [3] Pipettes that dispense less than 1000 μL are sometimes distinguished as micropipettes. The terms "pipette" and "pipet" are used interchangeably despite minor historical differences in their usage. [4]
Whereas manual pipettes need a movement of the thumb (up to 3 cm), electronic pipettes have a main button. The programming of the pipette is generally done by a control wheel and some further buttons. All settings are displayed on a small display. Electronic pipettes can decrease the risk of RSI-type injuries. [8] [9]
(These are for Class A pipettes; Class B pipettes are given a tolerance of twice that for the corresponding Class A.) A specialized example of a volumetric pipette is the microfluid pipette (capable of dispensing as little as 10 μL) designed with a circulating liquid tip that generates a self-confining volume in front of its outlet channels. [3]
Release the pipette knob slowly to the ready position. Do not remove the tip from the solution. Repeat this process (step 3 and 4) to rinse the tip until the interior wall of the tip is clear. Remove the tip from the solution. Press the pipette knob to the second stop, and completely empty the tip. Release the pipette knob to the ready position.
A small pipette allows for more precise measurement of fluids; a larger pipette can be used to measure volumes when the accuracy of the measurement is less critical. Accordingly, pipettes vary in volume, with most measuring between 0 and 25.0 millilitres (0.00 and 0.88 imp fl oz; 0.00 and 0.85 US fl oz). [2]
A Mohr pipette, also known as a graduated pipette, is a type of pipette used to measure the volume of the liquid dispensed, although not as accurately as a volumetric pipette. [1] These use a series of marked lines (as on a graduated cylinder) to indicate the different volumes. [ 2 ]
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Positive displacement pipettes are a type of pipette that operates via piston-driven displacement. [1] [2] Unlike an air displacement pipette, which dispenses liquid using an air cushion in the pipette tip, the piston in a positive displacement pipette makes direct contact with the sample, allowing the aspiration force to remain constant.