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Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Lead–acid: SLA VRLA PbAc Lead: H 2 SO 4: Lead dioxide: Yes 1881 [1] ... Charge efficiency Cycle durability %
The lead–acid battery is a type of rechargeable battery first invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté. It is the first type of rechargeable battery ever created. Compared to modern rechargeable batteries, lead–acid batteries have relatively low energy density. Despite this, they are able to supply high surge currents.
Example charging graph. On the left: per-cell quantities. On the right: example values for a 40 Ah, 6-cell (12 V) battery. Note: schematic illustration; not based on actual measurements. IUoU is a DIN-designation [1] (DIN 41773) for a lead-acid battery charging procedure that is also known as 3-stage charging, 3-phase charging, or 3-step charging.
For example, in lead-acid batteries, not all the active material is restored to the plates on each charge/discharge cycle; eventually enough material is lost that the battery capacity is reduced. In lithium-ion types, especially on deep discharge, some reactive lithium metal can be formed on charging, which is no longer available to participate ...
A charge cycle is the process of charging a rechargeable battery and discharging it as required into a load.The term is typically used to specify a battery's expected life, as the number of charge cycles affects life more than the mere passage of time.
A horse and rider at the canter A miniature horse at a gallop. The canter and gallop are variations on the fastest gait that can be performed by a horse or other equine.The canter is a controlled three-beat gait, [1] while the gallop is a faster, four-beat variation of the same gait. [2]
With pulse charging, high instantaneous voltages are applied without overheating the battery. In a lead–acid battery, this breaks down lead-sulfate crystals, thus greatly extending the battery service life. [15] Several kinds of pulse chargers are patented, [16] [17] [18] while others are open source hardware.
The rider can also request the horse to deliberately take up the wrong lead (counter-canter), a move required in some dressage competitions and routine in polo, which requires a degree of collection and balance in the horse. The switch from one lead to another without breaking gait is called the "flying lead change" or "flying change".